早期干预对早产儿1岁内体格发育促进效果的对照研究

Study on the effect of early intervention on weight gain of premature infants during first year of life

【目的】探讨早期干预对早产儿1岁内体格发育的促进效果，为儿保工作者提供临床指导依据。【方法】筛选2003年1月～2005年12月间在本院儿保门诊进行健康体检的早产儿154名，其中愿接受干预者81名（干预组），不愿接受干预者73名（对照组），并与WHO标准进行比较。【结果】干预组男女婴儿体重及身长增长均优于对照组。干预组体重均值在生后第6个月已赶上WHO水平（P〉0．05），对照组体重均值在第6个月及第12个月仍低于WHO水平（P〈0．05）。早产儿体重月增长速率在生后前6个月优于WHO水平，其中第1、2、3个月最快，第4、5个月仍保持较高水平，从第6个月起，体重增长逐渐减慢并接近WHO水平；干预组身长在生后第4个月开始超过对照组（P〉0．05），第8个月时明显优于对照组（P〈0．05），1岁时接近WHO水平（P〉0．05）。对照组1岁时身长仍落后于WHO水平（P〈0．05）；早产儿身长月增长在生后第2～12个月多优于WHO水平，其中，第2、3、4个月明显优于WHO水平（P〈0．05），第5～12个月虽优于WHO水平，但无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。【结论】早期干预对早产儿1岁内（尤其是半岁内）体重及身长发育有明显促进效果，应引起广大儿保工作者重视。

[Objective] To explore the effect of early intervention on weight and height gain of premature infants during first year of life. [Methods] One hundred and fifty-four premature infants between January 2003 and December 2005 were divided into two groups： One was intervention group（IG）, 81 cases who was willing to be intervened. The other was controlled group（CG）, 73 cases who rejected the intervention. All the infant were observed on their weight and height for age and compared with the WHO standards. [Results] The weight and height gain of IG was much more increased than that of CG in their first year of life. The average weight of IG had caught up with WHO standard （P〉0.05） at the sixth month of their life . But the average weight of CG had not caught up with WHO standard at the sixth and twelve month of their life （P〈0.05）. In premature infants the velocity （kg/m） of weight gain was more quickly than that of WHO in first half a year. And the velocity was most quickly at the first, second and third month. At the fourth and the fifth month, the velocity was maintained in higher level still, and began slowly at 6th month. The average height of IG began to had a little of higher than that of CG （P〉0.05） at fourth month of their life , and it was much more higher than that of CG （P〈0.05） at the eighth month. It had caught up with WHO standard （P〉60.05） at one year. But that of CG was still lower than WHO standard （P〈0.05） at one year. The velocity （cm/m） of height gain in premature infants was higher than that of WHO form the second to 12th month of their life. And the velocity was most quickly from second to 4th month, from the 5th to 12th month, the velocity was little higher than that of WHO, but there was not obvious difference （P〈0. 05）. [Conclusions] Early intervention made a significant effect on weight and height gain of premature infants in the first year of their life（especially in first half of a year）. Child heahhcare workers should pay attention to the fact.