上海市2005年0～6岁儿童体格发育研究

Study on growth and development of children aged 0～6 years old in Shanghai During 2005

【目的】探讨0～6岁儿童体格发育状况及十年变化趋势。【方法】随机整群抽样调查17736名健康儿童，对体格发育的两项指标（体重、身高）进行市区与郊区比较、1995年与2005年指标比较、2005年与WHO标准比较。【结果】在出生后前3月，平均每月体重增加均超过了1000g，3～6月趋缓，后半年每月体重增加平均未超过300g。出生后第二年，体重增加仅为2～3kg，但身高增加近12～13cm，与后几年每年体重2k左右，身高7cm左右相比，1～2岁儿童趋向于瘦而不是胖。市区与郊区比较22个年龄组中有12—14个年龄组市区与郊区有显著性差异，市区高于郊区。2005年与1995年比较，郊区儿童体重、身高增加的幅度明显高于市区儿童增加的幅度。05年与WHO指标比较，市区儿童的体重、身高均高于或等于WHO标准。郊区儿童大部分也超过或等于WHO标准。【结论】上海儿童体格发育市郊差别明显缩小，上海儿童的体重身高超过或等于WHO的标准。

[Objective] To explore growth and development status and the vary trend of children aged 0～6 years old during the decade in Shanghai. [Methods] A cross sectional survey with random cluster sampling had been done in Shanghai,and compared between urban and suburb, 1995 and 2005, standard of Shanghai and WHO,respectively. 17 736 children aged 0-6 years selected from communitis and nursery schools were surveyed. Height and weight were measured. [Results] It showed a tendency that the increasing of weight declined with increasing age,in the first year,the increasing weight permonth was over 1 000 g during the first 3 months,then the rising of weight per month was incline to slowness, especially after 6 months the increasing weight was less than 300g per months, In the second year, the increasing weight was just 2-3 kilogram per year; otherwi,se the increasing height was 12-13 centimetre during the second year, the increaseing height was 7 centimetre per year after the second year,so the children aged 1-2 year were decline to thin not obe sity. The results showed that 12-14 age groups among 22 groups were significantly different between urban and suburb, urban were higher than suburb. Compared the year of 2005 with 1995, the weight and height increasing range of children in suburb were higher than that in urban.. The urban standard about weight and height of children in Shanghai was higher or equal to that in WHO. The vast majority suburb standard of Shanghai about weight and height were higher or equal to the standard of WHO too. [Conclusion] The gap is reduce between urban and suburb, and the standard of children about weight and height in Shanghai are higher or equivlant to those in WHO.