清末法学教育概况

Law Education in the Late Qing Dynasty

尊卑有序、贵贱不等和皇权至上是中国传统法律观念的精要,并且作为一种文化成为中国封建社会的有机组成部分,因此要想转变传统法律观念是比较困难的。然而在清末变革的背景下,清政府通过法政学堂和大学进行了大规模的新式法学教育以及海外留学教育,在教育过程中以西方的法律观念为指导,按照现代法律部门的分类进行课程设置,教材多使用西文,教师也多为西方人。清末新式法学教育为我国培养了一些新型的法律人才,更重要的是导致了传统法律观念向现代法律观念的转变。同时,它也促使礼法分离和现代法学的建立,并为体现法治文明的司法体系的形成作了法理上的准备。

As the essences of traditional Chinese legal conceptions,seniority and inferiority should be in different order,nobility and humility should be different and imperial power is supreme.Such conceptions are one component of Chinese feudal society and accordingly hard to transform.In the background of reform in the late Qing Dynasty,the government carried out the large-scale new law education and overseas education through law and politics colleges and universities.The curriculum was based on the categories of modern law,textbooks were written in English,teachers were western people,and the whole process of education was guided by western legal conception.The new-style law education trained new-type legal professionals and more importantly,led to the transformation from the traditional legal conception to a modern one.Furthermore,the education caused the separation of law from rite and the establishment of the modern science of law and laid the foundation of legal principles for the formation of legal system.