蒙古国戈壁红双峰驼乳化学组成及其动态变化

Chemical Compositions and Dynamic Changes of Mongolian Gobi Red Bactrian Camel Milk

本实验对12峰戈壁红双峰驼驼乳的化学组成及其动态变化进行了研究。结果表明,第1次所挤初乳中总干物质为20.858%,在第2～30d间基本稳定在17.858～17.323%,第90d时降至14.488%。第1次所挤初乳中蛋白质含量为14.864%,24h后下降到8.153%,以后进一步缓慢下降。乳糖含量在泌乳第1～90d内变化较小,为4.353%～4.648%。第1次所挤初乳脂肪含量为0.278%,到24h增至4.259%,30d时为6.852%,90d又下降到5.705%。第1次所挤初乳中灰分含量为1.281%,到24h下降到0.918%,在90d泌乳期内稳定在0.861%～0.949%范围内。戈壁红驼产后第1次所挤的初乳中钙、磷含量最高,分别为216.059mg/100g和154.358mg/100g钙、磷、钠、钾及氯在2h～90d变化范围分别为156.323～216.059mg/100g、126.835～154.358mg/100g、60.067～83.025mg/100g、126.808～184.208mg/100g和85.600～193.200mg/100g;硫、镁、锌在2h～90d变化范围分别为37.108～43.208mg/100g、7.908～8.933mg/100g和0.628～0.652mg/100g。戈壁红驼90d内驼乳中VA、VC、VD、VE、VB1、VB2及VB6的平均含量分别为0.918mg/L、15.845mg/L、627IU/L、1.800mg/L、0.188mg/L、1.188mg/L和0.495mg/L。

Chemical compositions and its dynamic changes of Mogolian Gobi Red Bactrian Camels were studied. Colostrum and milk samples from ten nomadic females camel at their fast season of lactation were collected periodically from parturition until 90 d post partum （PP）. The total solids, protein, fat and ash content in Mongolian Gobi Red Bactrian Camel colostrums, which was collected first time postpartum, were 20.858%, 14.864%, 0.278% and 1.281%, respectively. However, the content of these compositions were changed according to lactation time. The total solids content was 17.858% to 17.323% from 2h to 30^th d postpartum, but it was decreased to 14.488% at 90^th d postpartum. The protein content was decreased to 8.153% at 24^th h postpartum, and continually decreased according to the lactation time. The fat content was increased to 4.259% at 24^th h postpartum and 6.852% at 30^th d postpartum, but decreased to 5.705% at 90^th d postpartum. The ash content was decreased to 0.918% at 24^th h and stabilized during 0.82% to 0.98% in whole left lactation time. Variation of lactose content was little （4.35 to 4.65%） throughout the study period. The levels of Ca and P were 216 and 154.3 mg/100 g, respectively, in first time collected postpartum; the variation in Ca, P, Na, K and C1 levels in study period were 156.3-192.2 mg/100 g, 126.8-154.3 mg/ 100 g, 60.0-83.0 mg/100 g, 126.8-184.2 mg/100 g and 85.6- 193.2 mg/100 g, respectively. The levels ofVA, VC, VD, VE, VB1, VB 2 and VB 6 were 0.918 mg/L, 15.845 mg/L, 627 IU/L, 1.800 mg/L, 0.188 mg/L, 1.188 mg/L and 0.495 mg/L, respectively.