云南东川拖布卡—播卡金矿与汤丹铜矿区苔藓植物比较研究

Comparative study on bryophytes between Tuobuka-Boka gold mine and Tangdan copper mine in Dongchuan,Yunnan Province

拖布卡—播卡金矿为一世界级大型金矿,位于云南省昆明市东川区。经野外采集及室内鉴定,发现其上分布着3科(丛藓科、真藓科和金发藓科)10属(对齿藓属、扭口藓属、真藓属、短月藓属等)19种苔藓植物。经与气候条件相似的东川汤丹大型铜矿上分布的苔藓植物比较发现:共同种有5种,种类相似性较小,种的相似性系数为24%;拖布卡—播卡金矿种类丰富度小于汤丹铜矿;生活型较为单调,几乎都是矮丛集型;区系成分以世界广布种为主。可见,同样的气候条件下含不同重金属基质对于苔藓植物具有不同的选择性。拖布卡—播卡金矿上剑叶对齿藓Didymodon rufidulus Broth.、云南墙藓Tortula yunnanensis Chen和东亚小金发藓Pogonatum in flexum Lac.分布较为广泛,可作为进一步研究生物探矿的材料。

Bryophyte species were investigated in Tuobuka-Boka gold mine site,which is a world-class gold mine within Dongchuan district of Kunming City Yunnan Province.19 species belonging to 10 genera（Didymodon,Barbula,Bryum,Brachymenium,etc） of 3 families（Pottiaceae,Bryaceae,Polytrichaceae） were found.There is a small similarity coefficient in comparison with the bryophyte species from Tangdan copper mine site,which is in the same climate at Dongchuan with Tuobuka-Boka gold mine,the similarity coefficient in species is 24%,and 5 common species were found in two sites.In Tuobuka-Boka gold mine,species richness is lower than Tangdan copper mine;the type of life-form is humdrum and the main kind of flora distribution is cosmopolitan.It is showed that different substrates containing heavy metals in the same climate have different selectivity to bryophytes.Didymodon rufidulus Broth.,Tortula yunnanensis Chen and Pogonatum inflexum Lac.distributed widely in Tuobuka-Boka gold mine,they may be used to prospect gold mine in the future.