儿童双生子心理健康状况的SDQ研究

The Mental Health Status of Child and Adolescent Twins, as Measured by the SDQ

目的了解遗传因素对儿童双生子心理健康状况的影响并筛查亚临床精神症状和心理障碍的比例。方法以教委-学校途径为主募集6～16岁的共同生活的儿童双生子。签写知情同意书后利用长处和困难问卷(Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire,SDQ)对重庆市64对6～16岁的双生子其及父母、教师开展双生子心理健康状况的调查。采取双生子的颊粘膜标本以提取DNA并进行卵型鉴定。结果SDQ的情绪症状、注意缺陷和多动、同伴问题和症状产生的影响,计算机诊断4种结果中任何精神疾病障碍、情绪障碍、对立违抗/品行障碍、注意缺陷-多动/多动障碍,同卵双生(MZ)组双生子对内相关系数有统计学意义或相关系数大于异卵双生(DZ)组。SDQ计算机诊断筛查出双生子中存在任何精神疾病障碍的个体占37.6%,存在情绪障碍的个体占5.5%,存在对立违抗/品行障碍的个体占29.7%,存在注意缺陷-多动/多动障碍的个体占14.8%。结论在影响儿童双生子的心理卫生状况的因素中,遗传起重要作用,较大比例的儿童存在亚临床的精神症状和心理障碍,儿童的心理发育和心理健康状况应引起更多关注。

Objective To investigate the impact of genetic and environmental factors on mental health status and to estimate the prevalence of subclinical psychiatric symptoms and psychological problems in child and adolescent twins, by using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire （SDQ）. Methods A total of 59 pairs of twins aged 6-16 years were recruited with support from educational committees and schools. After the guardians of these twins had signed an informed consent form, SDQ were completed by the parents and teachers of these twins to investigate their mental health status. Buccal mucosa samples were collected from all twins for DNA extraction and zygosity identification test. Results The intrapair correlation coefficients of monozygotic twins were significantly different from those of dizygotic twins in terms of emotional symptoms, inattention-hyperactivity, peer problems, impact and diagnostic predictions （including any psychiatric disorder, emotional disorder, oppositional/conduct disorders, ADHD/hyperkinesis）. The results from the SDQ screening questionnaire showed that up to 37.5% of the studied twins were suffering from a psychiatric disorder, including emotional disorder （5.5%）, oppositional/conduct disorder （29.7%）, and ADHD/hyperkinesis （14.8%）. Conclusion Genes plays an important role in the mental health status of child and adolescent twins. More attention should be paid to the mental development and mental health in these twins, because of the considerable prevalence of subclinical psychiatric symptoms and psychological problems.