基于逐步回归模型的汽车碰撞安全性多目标优化

MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION FOR CRASH SAFETY DESIGN OF VEHICLES USING STEPWISE REGRESSION MODEL

汽车结构的耐撞性及碰撞吸能优化是现代汽车工业的重要研究内容。面对传统优化方法难以找到汽车结构耐撞性问题多目标参数最优解的难题,在汽车结构碰撞安全性问题的研究中,结合试验设计、响应表面模型和有限元仿真程序提出一种基于逐步回归模型的多目标优化设计方法。利用该方法对以汽车前端结构的加强件作为设计变量,以整车质量、脚踏板在碰撞过程中的侵入量和整车碰撞加速度积分值作为目标函数的汽车100%正面碰撞以及40%正面偏置碰撞的多目标优化问题进行仿真优化研究,结果表明该方法对于汽车结构碰撞安全性的优化具有明显的效果。

In the automotive industry, structural optimization related to crashworthiness and energy absorption capability is of great importance, which involves highly nonlinear computational analysis and design with many material and structural parameters. Unfortunately, conventional design, analysis techniques and the experiments can only improve the structural crashworthiness to a limited extent, and in most engineering design problems there are several conflicting objectives that have to be considered for optimization. In order to improve crashworthiness design, a method using a multi-objective optimization technique based on stepwise regression model is presented through the applications of design of experiments and response surface models and finite element simulation technique. The method is applied for the multiobjective optimization design of the reinforced members of a vehicle, where the mass, toe board intrusion, and the integrated value of collision acceleration are chosen as the objective functions. The results show the new computational design method is a practical tool for the crash safety design of vehicles.