莲花花粉营养成分分析

Determination of the nutritional components in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) pollen

对莲花花粉的主要营养成分进行了分析测定,结果发现,莲花花粉的含水量7.88%、灰分4.09%、脂肪5.59%、蛋白质15.26%、还原糖7.05%;维生素含量较高的有:VC102mg/100g,VE1.21mg/100g,VB10.6mg/100g,其它维生素未检测到;钾和镁的含量高于大多数花粉;17种氨基酸的含量为15.81%,7种人体必需氨基酸占44.23%,其中以谷氨酸和天门冬氨酸的含量最高,分别为2.24%和2.15%,胱氨酸含量最低,为0.14%;脂肪酸中以棕榈酸含量最高,相对含量为42.23%,亚麻酸、油酸和亚油酸的相对含量分别为25.17%、12.83%和9.90%,PUFA/SFA比值为0.75。本文还首次测定了莲花花粉的水浸率和醇浸率,分别为49.70%和47.35%。建议结合抗氧化能力和测定主要活性成分含量,作为花粉质量控制的指标。

The main nutritional components of Lotus （Nelumbo nucifera） pollen were analyzed in this paper. The results obtained an average of 7.88% moisture, 4.09% ash, 15.26% protein, 5.59% lipids, 7.05% reducing sugar; VC, VE and Vbl are found in pollen and had an average of 102mg/100g, 1.21mg/lOOg and 0.6mg/100g, absence of VA, VD, Vb2, Vb6, nicotinic acid and folic acid; Kalium and Magnesium in lotus pollen were much higher compared to most other pollen and come to a content of 1344.Smg/kg and 10614.6mg/kg; Total seventeen kinds of amino acids were measured and reached a content of 15.81%, comprising 42.23% essential amino acids, and the dominating glutamic acid and aspartic acid had a content of 2.24% and 2.15%; the ration of PUFA/SFA in lotus pollen is 0.75, and the dominating palmitic acid had a comparative content of 42.23%, followed by 25.17% linolenic acid, 12.83% oleic acid and 9.90% linoleic acid. Besides, we first determined the content of water extract and ethanol extract of lotus pollen, 49.70% and 47.35% respectively, and suggested it as an index for the quality control of bee pollen combing with the anti-oxidation property and the content of main effective ingredients.