大肠癌和胃癌个体化疗的现状与未来

State of tailored chemotherapy for colorectal and gastric cancers

大肠癌和胃癌是我国常见的肿瘤,由于我国大多数大肠癌和胃癌患者确诊时已属中晚期,因此,化疗作为全身性内科治疗手段成为患者的主要选择.目前肿瘤的"标准化疗"仍然是以大样本统计学结果为基础选择化疗药物的治疗.由于肿瘤本身以及个体之间异质性的存在,同一部位的肿瘤对"标准化疗"的敏感性和毒副作用差异很大.以药物基因组学及药物遗传学为基础的"个体化疗"受到广泛关注,并显示出其潜在的应用前景.本文着重论述大肠癌和胃癌领域"个体化疗"的研究进展,初步探索各种有药物相关基因的应用价值.

Colorectal and gastric cancers are very common disease entities in China. Postoperative chemoradiotherapy has become the standard of care for treatment of colorectal and gastric cancers, mainly because most diagnoses are at late or advanced stages. Based on statistics from large sample studies and because of the heterogeneity among patients having the same site of cancer, there are variations in the effects and toxicity among those receiving standard chemotherapy. Tailored chemotherapy based on pharmaco- genetics and pharmacogenomics has received much attention and has shown predictive potential. The present paper focuses on advances in tailored chemotherapy in colorectal and gastric cancers to determine the potential value of the drug-associated genes.