吉林桦甸仙人洞旧石器遗址1993年发掘报告

A Report on the 1993 Excavation of Xianrendong Paleolithic Site in Huadian,Jilin

1993年5—6月,仙人洞旧石器遗址发掘获得石制品197件,打制骨器18件,磨制骨器1件以及大量的动物骨骼化石。遗址分为上、下两个文化层,时代属旧石器时代早期之末或中期至晚期。石制品具有以小石制品为主的中国北方主工业的特点。

The Xianrendong cave site （43°09＇N, 126°37＇E） is situated on Shoushan Hill 2.3 km northeast to Yumuqiaozi town, in Huadian County, Jilin Province, and was excavated during May-June 1993. The cave deposit is divided into five layers, with artifacts found in layers 2-4. A total of 197 stone artifacts, 19 bone artifacts including 1 polished bone tool and many animal fossils were found in the deposits. The upper cultural layer produced an uncalibrated AMS14C date of 34,290 ± 510 BP on fossil bone （93HX. AT21（2）：4）. Based on the evidence of the polished bone artifact, finely retouched obsidian end scraper with convex edge and an adze-like tool found in the upper cultural layer, we suggest that this layer belongs to the Upper Paleolithic. Layer 4 of the lower cultural layer produced a U-series date of 16.21± 1.80（1.58） ka BP. on fossil bone （93 HX. AT21 （4） ： 61,65 ）. The precise date of Layer 3 is unclear, but because the Layer 3 and Layer 4 strata is continuous and the deposits are similar, we suggest that Layer 3 and Layer 4 are attributed to the same period. It is believed that the lower cultural layer is probably dated to the Late Lower Paleolithic to the Middle Paleolithic. The stone artifact assemblage of the Xianrendong cave site is very similar to that of Jinniushan and thus, the cultural relationship between these two sites is very close. Xianrendong artifacts can be attributed to the main industry of Paleolithic tradition in North China, as represented by small stone artifacts.