不同品种黑莓的花期生物学特征及花粉活力观察

Observation of florenscence biology characteristics and pollen vitality of different cultivars of blackberry

对黑莓（Rubus spp．）9个品种的开花物候期、花器官性状及花粉生活力进行了观察，并对其花粉的贮藏条件进行了初步研究。结果表明，黑莓开花期为4月中旬至6月初，花期长19-35d；每株有花穗50．67～127．33个，花穗长8．30～14．95cm，每穗有花4．95～7．63朵；花色为白色、粉红色和红色，花冠直径3．07-5．28cm。黑莓不同品种的花期、花穗数量与大小、花色和花冠大小等均存在显著差异。不同黑莓品种的花粉萌发率可达50．29％～85．16％；随贮藏时间的延长，花粉萌发率逐渐下降；在0℃～4℃、相对湿度10％-20％条件下密封贮存，有利于保持花粉的生活力。

Flowering characteristics and phenology, floral organ characters, pollen vitality and pollen storage condition of different cultivars of blackberry （Rubus spp. ） are studied. The results show that the blooming stage of blackberry is 19 - 35 d from the second ten-days of April to the beginning of June. Inflorenscence number per individual, inflorenscence length and the flower number in per inflorenscence is 50.67 - 127.33, 8.30 - 14.95 cm and 4.95 - 7.63 respectively. The colour of flower is white, pink and red, and the diameter of corolla is 3. 07 - 5. 28 era. The florenscence, number and size of anthotaxy, petal color and corolla size are different significantly among the nine cultivars. The pollen germination rate of different cultivars is 50.29% - 85.16% , which decreases gradually with storage time expanded. The storage condition of 0 ℃ - 4 ℃, relative humidity 10% - 20% , is better for keeping pollen vitality.