人工生境缀块对受损河岸生态系统的修复作用

Rehabilitation effects of artificial habitat patch on damaged riverside ecosystem.

利用生态工程学方法,在长春市西小沿子河研究了人工生境缀块对受损河岸生态系统的修复作用.结果表明,实验区经过人工生态修复和近4年的自然演替,新增加了3个草本植物种,植物群落结构得到优化,形成了较为稳定的乔-灌-草群落结构,植被覆盖率达到95%以上,为动物提供了栖息空间.生境缀块内的土壤微生物数量、土壤生化作用强度、土壤酶活性、有机质含量、全N、全K、底栖动物种类及数量均较对照区增加,其中微生物数量、呼吸强度、纤维分解强度、固氮作用强度、过氧化氢酶活性、脲酶活性和有机质含量均达到显著差异水平(P<0.05).人工生境缀块使受损河岸的稳定性增加,改善了河岸生态系统功能,使生态系统发生正向演替,土壤环境向良性方向发展,同时成功地控制了土壤侵蚀.生态护岸不仅降低经济成本,而且具有生态价值、环境价值、景观价值、教育价值和社会价值,为混凝土河岸的生态改造和受损河岸的生态修复提供了新的模式.

Ecological engineering methods were used to study the rehabilitation effects of artificial habitat patch on damaged riverside ecosystem in the Xixiaoyanzi River of Changchun City, northeastern China. Through artificial eco-rehabilitation and four years＇ natural succession in the experimental plot, three herbal plant species were increased, the plant community structure was optimized, a rather stable arbor-shrub-grass community structure was formed, the vegetation coverage reached above 95 %, and the room for animal inhabitant was provided. The soil microorganism amount, soil bid-chemical reaction intensity, soil enzyme activity, organic matter content, nitrogen content, potassium content, species and the amount of benthic animals in habitat patch were higher than those in the control. The differences in soil microorganism amount, respiration intensity, fiber decomposition intensity, nitrogen fixation intensity, catalase enzyme activity, carbamide enzyme activity, organic matter content were all remarkable （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Artificial habitat patch increased the stability of damaged riverside, promoted the function of riverside ecosystem, brought about the positive succession of riverside ecosystem and the favorable changes in soil environments. Meanwhile, soil erosion was controlled successfully in this region. Ecological riverbank not only reduces the economic cost, but also has ecological, environmental, landscape, educational and social values. This study provides a new pattern for ecological alteration of concrete riverside and ecological rehabilitation of damaged riverside.