北京绿化隔离地区鸟类群落与环境因子关系研究

Relationship between bird communities and environment factors at green belts in the urban area of Beijing

于2003年7月至2005年7月采用样线或样方法对北京市绿化隔离地区3种绿地体系中21个样地内鸟类群落、节肢动物种类多样性与绿地植被组成进行了调查,共记录到鸟类131种、节肢动物278种、植物269种.通过对不同绿地体系内鸟类群落与节肢动物种类多样性、植被结构关系的分析,探讨了城市绿地植被与节肢动物群落对城市鸟类群落结构及多样性的影响.结果表明,鸟类种类及其多样性与栖息地多样性、植物种类、绿化面积或绿化宽度以及节肢动物种类之间均呈正相关关系.鸟类密度与公园水域面积之间呈负相关关系.由于植被组成、绿化面积等方面的差异,不同功能的绿地体系内鸟类群落与栖息地环境因子的相互关系有所不同.

The bird community, arthropod species richness and vegetation structures of 21 green belts,which were classified into three types of woodlands at Beijing urban area,were investigated using the quadrat sampling or line-plot method from July 2003 to July 2005.Totally,131 bird species,278 arthropods and 269 plant species were recorded.Effects of the urban vegetation structure and arthropod community on the community structure and diversity of urban birds were investigated through analyzing the relations between community structure of birds and diversity of arthropods as well as vegetation structure.The results show that the species and diversity of birds are both positively related to the diversity of habitats,the plant species,the size of woodlands or the width of the greenbelts,and the arthropod species.However,the density of birds is negatively related to the water area of parks.In greenbelts with different functions,relations of the composition of bird communities and the environment factors of habitats are varied because of the differences existing in the vegetation structure and the size of woodlands.