艾滋病自愿咨询检测的影响因素

Impact factors related to HIV voluntary counseling and testing

目的了解高危(重点)人群中艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)状况及影响因素,并为今后政府制定高危行为人群的VCT干预对策提供科学依据。方法采用匿名自填问卷的方式,对深圳市特种服务行业女性从业人员进行了有关VCT的认知、态度、行为现状及影响因素的问卷调查。结果61.3%的人不知道VCT免费;95.4%的人没有做过艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体检测,其中有65.9%的人认为自己不会得艾滋病,没有必要检测;54.6%的人不知道在哪里检测HIV抗体。当怀疑自己感染了HIV时有16.5%的人表示不会去检测,其中有84.4%的人担心被别人知道曾经做过HIV检测而被瞧不起,53.1%的人害怕检测结果阳性,本人和家人遭受歧视。结论社会宣传和干预力度不够,求询者的畏惧心理和侥幸心理、社会歧视是影响高危(重点)人群自愿接受HIV检测的主要原因,应进一步加强对艾滋病知识和"四免一关怀"政策的宣传,把VCT作为在高危(重点)人群中开展行为干预的重点。

Objective To find out impact factors related to HIV voluntary counseling and testing（VCT）in high-risk population and provide scientific evidence for the development of relevant prevention and control strategy. Methods Anonymous questionnaires were used to collect information about HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and attitude to VCT among female workers in service industry in Shenzhen.Resuits Of the females surveyd 61.3% had no idea about VCT, and 95.4% never received anti-HIV test,of whom 65.9% believed that they would not be infected with HIV and so it was not necessary to be tested,and 54.6% had no idea where to do such test;16.5% of the women who were suspicious of possible infection with HIV were reluctant to be tested,of whom 84.4% were concerned that they might be looked down upon by those who knew of the result of the test;and 53.1% were worried over possible anti-HIV positive result, which might lead to discrimination against themselves and their families. Conclusion Insufficient social marketing and intervention, stigma and mentality to try one＇s luck, and social discrimination are factors to influence the acceptance of VCT in high risk population. It is important to strengthen public education for AIDS related knowledge and promote policy known as Four Frees and One Care, and also to list HIV voluntary counseling and testing as a key intervention for highrisk population.