玉米种质资源抗旱性的田间鉴定与评价

Determination and Evaluation of Drought Resistance of Germplasm Resources of Maize in Field

干旱一直是制约我国粮食生产的一个重要因素。筛选具有强抗旱的玉米种质,培育抗旱的玉米品种,已成为今后玉米育种的重要方向。研究采用玉米开花期干旱胁迫法,以经济产量为主要性状,结合株高、穗位高、ASI、有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重等形态生理性状,用抗旱性指数(DTIg)作为玉米种质资源抗旱性鉴定与评价的良好指标,对国家种质库内的454份玉米种质的抗旱性做了鉴定与评价。鉴定出1级抗旱性极强种质23份3、级抗旱性强种质67份、5级抗旱性中等种质94份、7级抗旱性弱种质173份、9级抗旱性极弱种质97份。试验鉴定筛选出的抗旱性较强的玉米种质是玉米抗旱育种重要而珍贵的抗旱种质资源。

The drought injurg has been an important factor inhibiting the grain production in China. Screening of maize germplasm with strong drought resistance, culturing maize with drought resistance have become an important goal for maize breeding in future. The determination and evaluation of drought resistance of germplasm re-sources of maize were carried out with the indexes of drought resistance, and the economic yield was analyzed with morphological physiological characters such as plant height ＇ ear seat , ASI , effective ear number , ear grains , 1000 grain weight. The drought resistance of 454 in national germplasm repository were determined and eval-uated. Some maize germplasms with stronger drought resistance were screened by the experiments, which were con-sidered as the important and precious drought resistant germplasm resources.