唐代江州陈氏东佳书堂的性质问题刍议

Discussion on the Nature of Jiangzhou Chen's Dongjia Learning House in the Tang Dynasty

具有教学功能的书院始于唐。书院不是国家规定的一种教育制度,而是民间人士自发创造的学校教育模式,书院的名称也因此极不固定,"书院"和"书堂"("书舍"、"书斋"等)存在着互用、通用的情况。徐梓先生在《元代书院研究》中认为唐代的东佳书堂已有书院之实,但尚无书院之名,从而否定了作为教学机构的书院起源于唐代的观点。从"书院"和"书堂"("书舍"、"书斋"等)名称的互用、通用来看,这一说法难以成立。

Ancient academies of classical learning with the function of education firstly appeared in the Tang Dynasty. They were not incoporated into the official education system; on the contrary, they were non-governmentally supported and financed. Therefore, they had different kinds of name, and sometimes ＂learning house＂ was their substitute. Mr. Xuzi pointed out in his History of Academies of Classical Learning in the Yuan Dynasty that although the Dongjia Learning House already had the real function of academy of classical learning, it didn＇t have its real name of academy accordingly, and thus he denied the viewpoint that ancient academies originated from the Tang Dynasty. However, the fact that the names of ＂academy＂ and ＂learning house＂ are interchangeable proves that Mr. Xuzi＇s viewpoint is short of the historical basis.