晚清苏南家族书院的分化与多元类型——近代苏南家族书院研究之一

The Splitting-up and Multifactor Types of Clan Academies of Classical——Learning in Southern Jiangsu Province in the Late Qing Dynasty

晚清时期,在社会变迁、教育转型的时代潮流中,苏南的传统家族书院在单一"应举—经学型"模式的基础上,通过重建、改建和新建等方式逐渐分化出了国学专修、综合改良、家族教化等不同类型的近代书院。相当数量的苏南家族参与了家族书院的分化进程,一些工商实业家族更主导了这一进程,并对此产生了微妙的影响,作出了颇具深意的探索。苏南家族书院随着分化与演变也经历了历史的选择,其中大部分实现了历史转型,融入了近代教育体系之中。

In the late Qing Dynasty, along with the changes of times and the transitions of education, the traditional clan academies of classical learning in Southern Jiangsu, based on the teaching model ＂aiming at imperial civil examination and focusing on the study of Confucian classics＂, split up gradually into different types of modern academies of classical learning that specialized in Imperial College, comprehensive reformism, training in good manners in the family, etc. A large number of clan academies in South Jiangsu were involved in the splitting-up process in which some clan businessmen in the industrial and commercial circle took the leading position. What they did had a subtle influence on the process and made an exploration of deep implications. The clan academies of classical learning in Soutern Jiangsu experienced the historical selection in the splitting-up process and changes, and most of them survived the historical changes and merged into the modern educational system.