羌人入据青衣江流域时间探析

The Exploration of the Time When the Qiang People Entered Qingyijiang River (青衣江) Valley

据《后汉书·西羌传》载,羌人是秦献公时代由黄河上游甘青地区“附落而南”进入川西高原的,故历史上存在于青衣江流域的“青衣羌”应属羌人向南流布的一支。但因史籍对青衣羌的记载极为简略、模糊,目前学界对其具体面貌所知甚少。本文以新挖掘的史料线索着重探讨了汉代以前青衣羌的活动踪迹,发现青衣羌出现于青衣江流域的历史甚早,至少在秦灭蜀以前并曾一度在当地建立“青衣羌国”。文章认为青衣羌进入青衣江流域的时间很可能在秦献公以前,这对理解羌人南下进入藏彝走廊的时间提供了新的视角。

According to the Xi Qiang Zhuan of Houhan Shu (《后汉书·西羌传》, Western Qiang Account of the Houhan History), the Qiang people had entered west Sichuan plateau along the upper reaches of the Huanghe river flowing in Gansu and Qianghai in the period of the King Qin Xiangong (秦献公). So the Qingyiqiang (青衣羌) living in the Qingyijiang valley in history must one branch of above Qiang people. But the record about Qingyiqiang in historical literature is simple and vague. Few details about the people are known today. This paper explores the trace of the people before the Han dynasty on the basis of the current data and discovers that they entered Qingyijiang valley at long time ago, at least before the time when the Qin conquered the Shu. They had established a state in the place. The paper argues that they were very likely to enter the valley before the period of Qin Xiangong. This is a new angle to understand the time when Qiang people went down south to the Tibetan-Yi-Corridor.