对地震切片解释中一些问题的分析

Analysis of some issues in interpretation of seismic slices

本文从地震波形成的基本原理出发,讨论地震数据的物理意义及其与地质信息的关系。地震剖面并非地质剖面,要对地震剖面进行地质解释,必须认真建立地震数据和地质信息之间的关系。在此基础上对目前流行的地层切片技术进行了分析,指出它的适用范围和存在的问题。利用地层切片研究构造和特殊岩性体的形态是有效的,它比一般的水平切片更接近地质的等时面。但如果把地震记录的样点值误认为振幅值,利用小时窗甚至一个采样点的切片数据来研究对应的地层岩性,进而研究岩性变化、沉积发育,则违背了地震信息和地质信息的基本关系。

Starting from the basic principle of seismic wave formation, the paper discussed the physical meaning of seismic data and relationship with geologic information. The seismic section is not geologic section, it should build up the relationship between the seismic data and geologic information if making geologic interpretation of seismic section. On that basis, I analyzed the currently popular horizontal slice technique and pointed out its adaptive range and existed problems. Using horizontal slice to study structural and special rock body features is effective, which more approaches to isochronal surface geologically than general time slice. But if mistaking the sample values of seismic records for amplitude values and using slice data in small time window even at a sample point to study the relative stratigraphic lithology and further to study the variation of lithology and sedimentary development, which violates the basic relationship between the seismic and geologic data.