TRIPS协议中知识产权的公共性问题

Common Problems of Intellectual Property Rights in TRIPS

乌拉圭回合贸易谈判将知识产权并入其中,称为"与贸易有关的知识产权协定"(TRIPS)。对于这一套规则,一些发达国家学者极度赞誉,称颂这是"乌拉圭回合最令人惊喜的成功之一"。而实际上,在乌拉圭回合谈判中,美国与发展中国家在知识产权和纺织品、农业等问题的讨论是发展中国家的一个重大的战略失误。TRIPS协议虽然在执行时间上给予了发展中国家一定的推迟,但是发展中国家并不能数年内就在经济技术上赶上发达国家,TRIPS协议是"发达国家的巨大胜利,发展中国家失之甚多"。同时,由于TRIPS协议的高保护标准又使得经济水平低下的发展中国家雪上加霜,无法满足一些生存和教育必需品,从而又使得与保护基本人权相冲突。

The intellectual property included in the trading negotiation of Uruguay round was once regarded as Agreaineat： on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights（TRIPS）. Some scholars from developed countries gave high credit to this regulation and believed that this was one of the most pleasant successes of Uruguay round. In fact, the discussion on intellectual property, fabrics, agriculture, etc. , between American and developing countries was a strategical mistake of developing countries. Though given a preferential time in execution by TRIPS, developing countries could not catch up with developed countries in economy and technology within decades. TRIPS was a great triumph to developed countries, but to developing countries a great loss. High protective criteria of TRIPS made it even worse for developing countries to get necessities for living and education, meanwhile, it lead to clash between TRIPS and the protection of basic human rights.