大学理念在中国的发展

The development of university idea in China

大学理念在中国的发展主要经历了三个历史阶段:一是从汉武帝到清朝晚期,奉行的是孔子儒学"以伦理道德为本位"的教育理想;二是从1905年晚清政府做出"废科举,兴学堂"的重大决策到1949年中华人民共和国建立以前,以"注重理性,学术自由"为核心的西方近、现代大学理念在近代中国得到广泛传播;三是中华人民共和国建立以后在曲折中探索"中国特色社会主义教育理念"。以马克思主义的唯物史观为指导,科学总结大学理念在中国的发展历程和经验教训,以史为鉴,面向未来,开创中国教育和大学创新新局面,是我国教育战线面临的一项具有战略意义的课题。

University idea in China mainly went through three historical stages： first, from Emperor Hanwu to late Qing dynasty, when the educational ideal of ＂ethics standard＂ was worshiped; second, from 1905 in which late Qing government made the significant decision of ＂abolish the imperial examination, build public schools＂ to before 1949 in which the People＇s Republic of China was founded, during which stage the university idea of ＂attach importance to rationality, academic freedom＂ which is the core of western modern universities got widely spread; third stage, since the foundation of China, we have explored ＂socialist educational idea with Chinese characteristics＂ in a zigzag way. It＇s a strategic project for our educational front line to open a new prospect for China＇s education and university innovation, facing the future while learning from the history, after we have made scientific summary of the development track and experience of university ideas in China under the guidance of Marxist historic materialism.