急诊患者流行病学研究

An epidemiological study of emergency patients

为了弄清急诊患者的流行病学情况，我们从１９９４年３月１日至１９９５年２月２８日间向来院就诊急诊患者进行调查，共收到２８４８６份急诊患者流行病学调查表，占全年急诊科实际来诊的急诊患者总数的９８．１２％。结果表明：①急诊患者中男性多于女性，高发年龄组为２１岁～３０岁组和３１岁～４０岁组；②午夜及清晨为急诊患者来诊低谷，１７～２２时为高峰；③秋冬季节急诊患者密度略高于春夏季节；④急诊患者以城镇居民为主，农民仅占６．１２％，急诊服务半径相对较小；⑤利用出租车来诊者占５０．１１％，利用公共交通车辆来诊者占２２．３３％，利用城市急救中心救护车来诊者仅占６．７％。初步报告了２０种最常见的急诊主诉或急诊诊断，占除创伤外的急诊患者的６０．９％。

During the whole year from March 1, 1994 to February 28, 1995, 28486 patients returned the questionaires, which account for over 98% of the total who came for emergency treatment in the same peoriod. The information gathered shows:①among the emergency patients, males outnumber females and the high incidence age groups are 21～30 and 31～40; ②the frequency of emergency visits is the lowest at midnight and in the early morning and the highest is from 17 to 22 hours; ③the density of emergency visits is a little higher in autumn and winter than in spring and summer; ④the emergency patients come mainly from urban area with only 6.12% from the countryside and so the radius of the energency treatment service is relatively short; and ⑤50.1% of the patients come by taxi, 22.3% by public transportation and only 6.7% by first aid ambulance. Twenty most frequent emergency complaints or diagnoses have been firstly reported, which account for 60.9% of the emergency patients with trauma cases excepted.