鱼类生长激素的分离、鉴定及其生理功能研究的进展

ADVANCES IN THE STUDIES ON THE ISOLATION, CHARACTRIZATION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF FISH GROWTH HORMONE

主要对80年代末至90年代中期国际有关鱼类生长激素的分离、鉴定和生理功能研究的进展予以综述。资料表明，蓝鲨、罗非鱼等21种鱼类的生长激素（GH）已被分离，并阐明鱼类GH一般是在碱性条件下，将脑垂体匀浆，或取其体外培养的分泌液，经凝胶过滤和反相高效液相色谱纯化得到；鱼类GH的生物活性多以具有促进幼鱼生长的特性来鉴定。最新研究表明，鱼类生长激素的主要生理功能为：具有生长促进作用、低渗调控作用，参与应激反应，与胰岛素样生长因子相互作用，通过垂体－性腺轴发挥对鱼类性腺类固醇生成的调控作用，增强甲状腺的活性，促进周边代谢中T4转化为T3等。

The advances in the studies on isolation, characterization andphysiological functions of fish growth hormone (GH) were reviewed based on1988-1994 pub1ished data. About twenty-one fish growth hormones, including blueshark, tilapia etc, have been isolated. Fish growth hormones were mostly obtained byhomogenizing the pitultary or using the media of cultured pituitary, then extractingunder alkaline condition (pH=9-10), chromatographing on a Sephadex column andseparating on a reversed phase HPLC column. Usually the bioactivity of fish growthhormone was determined by the feature of growth promotion to juvenile flsh. Therecent studies indicated that fish GH has the main physiological functions of growthpromotion, hypo-osmoregulation, response of stress, modulating insulin-like growthfactor-I (IGF - I) secretion, regulating the gonadal steroidgenesis through pituitary - sexgland axis, stimulating the peripheral conversion of thyroalne (T4) to triiodothyronine(T3) and inhibiting the synthesis of antifreeze protein in winter flounder.