古生物功能形态分形几何———以菊石缝合线为例

FRACTAL GEOMETRY OF PALEOBIO FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY:TAKING SUTURE LINE OF AMMONITES AS AN EXAMPLE

古生物功能形态与进化图谱具有分形特征．以菊石为例，应用分形几何学的观点对菊石缝合线的形态进行了定量描述．菊石缝合线具有分形结构，可以计算出分形维数．菊石缝合线在进化过程中其复杂性加剧，分形维数也相应加大，反映古生物为了对外部环境主动适应、扩大生存空间而改变自身功能形态，揭示出生物系统表观的无序性和内在的规律性，以及古生物体内部各层次之间相互关系．

The geometry of paleobio functional morphology and evolution possesses fractal character. With the suture line of ammonites as an example, the morphological feature in this paper is quantitatively described in view of fractal geometry. Thus a conclusion is drawn that: the suture lines of ammonites possess fractal structure character and fractal dimensions may be calculated, the ammonites suture lines become complex with evolutionary process, with the fractal dimensions also become enlarged correspondingly, reflecting that the cases of paleo organism actively adapted to external environments and changed their functional morphologies by themselves to extend existing space, only to bring to light the disorder in appearance and the rule in inherence and the internal mutual relationships among various levels of paleo organism. The fractal dimension of paleobio functional morphology may be taken as an important quantitative mark for taxonomy and evolution rule in paleontology.