膜过滤在污水处理中的应用研究进展

Advance in the application of membrane filtration in wastewater treatment

膜滤是借助一定的外加压力使液体穿过膜后分离成浓缩液和渗透液的分离技术。常用于水处理的膜滤依据过滤膜孔径、被截留物质的尺寸和施加的过滤压力不同可分为微滤、超滤、纳滤和反渗透等。介绍了不同膜滤技术的渗透原理、膜的类型、过滤模型以及膜的污染与防治,概述了膜过滤在处理垃圾填埋场渗沥液和处理纺织印染工业废水以及中水回用等领域的应用,并探讨了膜滤技术今后的研究方向。

Membrane filtration was a pressure-driven separation technique, in which a pressure was exerted to make the liquid separated into the concentrating fluid and the penetrating fluid through the membrane. According to the membrane pore sizes, the sizes of retained matter and the pressure exerted on the membrane, membrane pro- cesses used in wastewater treatment could be classified into microfiltration （MF）, ultrafiltration （UF）, nanofiltra- tion （NF） and reverse osmosis （RO）. The principles of different membrane filtration techniques, the types of membranes, filtration models and the control of membrane fouling were reviewed in this paper. The application of membrane filtration techniques such as RO and NF in the treatment of wastewater from landfills, NF in textile and printworks industry and UF and MF in wastewater treatment and reuse were also summarized. Finally, the developments of membrane filtration technique in the future were discussed.