高效降解石油细菌的分离鉴定及降解能力的研究

Isolation and Identification of Highly Efficient Oil-degrading Bacteria and Study of Their Degradation Capability

目的:为获得高效降解原油的菌株,从石油污染严重的土壤中采样,富集分离得到原油降解菌,并初步考察它们降解原油的能力。方法:通过富集培养、多次筛选分离得到三株优势菌,编号为SWH-1、SWH-2和SWH-3。通过16S rDNA序列分析和NCBI数据库的Blast比对分析,对其鉴定到种。通过差量法测定它们在室内摇瓶中对原油的降解率。结果:经鉴定,这三株菌分别为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtillus)、多食鞘氨醇杆菌(Sphingobacterium multivorum)和嗜温鞘氨醇杆菌(Sphingobacterium thalpophi-lum)。在0.5g/L的原油培养基内培养1w,SWH-1和SWH-2的降解率较高,分别为33.89%和46.31%。将这两株菌进行混合培养降解原油,降解率高达51.73%。结论:所筛选到的枯草芽孢杆菌和多食鞘氨醇杆菌在生物修复方面具有很好的应用潜力,而且多食鞘氨醇杆菌在石油降解方面的报道尚属首次。

Objetive： In order to obtain the strains of highly effective degrading crude oil, the biodegradation bacteria were enriched and isolated from crude oil contaminsted soil. And the degradation rate were measured.Methods： Three predominant bacteria were obtained by enriched and isolated,and their number were SWH - 1 ,SWH- 2,SWH - 3. Through the 16S rDNA sequece and NCBI database Blast analyzed, these bacteria were identified to strain. Their degradation rate were determined by weight method in the room rocker. Results： The three bacteria were identified as Bacillus subtillus Sphingobacterium multivorum and Sphingobacterium thalpophilum respectively. The degrading experiment were taken one week with the cultuer medium contained 0.5g/L of crude oil , SWH- 1 and SWH - 2 had high degradation rate of 33.89% and 46.31%. The mixdegradation experiment wre carried on,and the degradation rate achieved 51.73% .Conclusion：These two bacteria had very good application potential on crude oil bioremedation. Therefore, Shpingobacterium multivorum was first reported on degrading crude oil.