北京小龙门林场黄眉姬鹟的巢与巢址特征

Nest and Nest-site of Narcissus Flycatcher in Xiaolongmen Forestry,Beijing

2003—2006年,在北京小龙门林场共发现黄眉姬鹟(Ficedula narcissina elisae)巢43个。其中34巢筑于天然巢址:开放巢占29.4%,位于树枝间(10巢);洞巢占70.6%,位于树桩顶端凹坑中(10巢)和树洞中(14巢)。开放巢距地高度高于洞巢。黄眉姬鹟的主要营巢树种是棘皮桦(Betula dahurica)。在研究区内共悬挂了100个大洞口巢箱和130个小洞口巢箱,结果发现黄眉姬只利用大洞口巢箱(9巢),不利用小洞口巢箱。以巢为中心,取半径6m的样方测量巢址的植被特征。对海拔、坡向、林冠郁闭度、乔木数量、乔木高、乔木胸径、枯树数量、树桩数量和林下郁闭度等变量进行主成分分析。结果表明,黄眉姬鹟的巢址具有乔木高大、林冠郁闭度高、多枯树和树桩等特征。黄眉姬鹟的繁殖成功率为51.2%,天敌破坏是造成繁殖失败的主要原因。

During 2003-2006, forty-three nests of Narcissus Flycatcher （Ficedula narcissina elisae ） were found in Xiaolongmen Forestry, Beijing. Among the 43 nests, nine nests were found in nest boxes while other 34 nests were constructed both on open sites （29.4%） and in holes （70.6%）. The 10 open nests were weaved between several upward twigs, and the 24 hole-nests were built in hollows, trunks or on stumps. Open nests had larger height above ground than the hole-nests. Narcissus Flycatchers only used the nest boxes with big entrances. The majority of nest trees were Betula dahurica. Vegetation characteristics of nest sites were measured in the samples around the nests with a radius of 6 m. According to the result of Principle Component Analysis on the variables describing the nest-site characteristics, the forest with big trees and abundant stumps provided appropriate nest sites for Narcissus Flycatchers. Of the 43 nests we found, 22 （51.2%） were successful, those that failed were destroyed by predators.