生物大分子标记物检测在环境监测中的应用

Macromolecule biomarker detection used in environmental monitoring

生物大分子标记物是指生物体内的一些对外界环境变化敏感并能产生一些可检测变化的大分子物质,这些大分子物质能够反映环境变化对生物体的影响。随着社会对环境保护的日益重视和分子生物学技术的发展,将生物大分子标记物的检测应用到环境监测中已经成为一种趋势。生物大分子标记物检测由于其测定指标全面、准确、系统且具有特异性等优点,近十几年来作为污染物暴露和毒性效应的早期预警工具已被广泛应用于环境评价中。本文对一些主要的生物大分子标记物及其检测技术在环境监测中的应用状况及应用前景进行综述,旨在为生物大分子标记技术在环境检测实际操作中的应用提供参考依据。

Macromolecule biomarker is a kind of biological macromolecule which is sensitive to environmental changes. Hence it could reflect the environmental effects on organisms. Nowadays, the significant development of molecular biotechnology has made it possible to apply the macromolecule biomarkers to the environmental monitoring. As people become increasingly concerned about the problem of environmental protection, applying macromolecule biomarker detection methods, which are comprehensive, exact, systematic and specific, in the environmental monitoring have become a trend. During the past two decades, the macromolecule biomarker detection was widely used as early warning tools of toxic pollutant and its toxic effects measurement in environmental monitoring. This paper reviewed the application of some important macromolecule biomarkers and their detection methods in environmental monitoring, in holes to upply reference to further application of those methods in practice. [Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2007,14（5） ：864 - 8711