地震波衰减机理及能量补偿研究综述

A review of research on mechanism of seismic attenuation and energy compensation

随着中、浅层油气勘探程度的不断提高,深层油气藏的勘探已经成为当今勘探研究的主要对象,而深层油气勘探要获得突破关键是用于综合研究的地震剖面要有较高的信噪比和分辨率,深层与浅层能量均衡.因此,国内外对地震波衰减机理和补偿方法进行了大量研究.本文综述了基于岩石物理和散射理论的地震波的衰减机理,重点概括了地震波衰减的影响因素,指出衰减与孔隙度、频率、温度、压力、岩性等因素有关,最后分类介绍了各种地震波衰减的能量补偿方法.

As exploration of petroleum and gas was carried on extensively in shallow and middle layer, deep layer became the main object of exploration now. In order to develop deep reservior exploration, seismic profiles with high S/ N ratio and high resolution is needed, In which energy in shallow and deep layer is isostatie. In This paper, seismic attenuation mechanism based on physical rocks and scattering theory was reviewed. The relationship between attenuation and porosity,frequeney,pressure,lithology was emphasized. Finally several kinds of methods of energy compensation for seismic absorption attenuation was systematically summed up.