二棱大麦籽粒品质性状的遗传研究

Genetic analysis of some kernel quality characters in tworowed barley

用甘木二条等七个二棱大麦品种（ＨｏｒｄｅｕｍｄｉｓｔｉｃｈｕｍＬ）进行半双列杂交，采用胚乳数量性状世代平均数的遗传模型对１９９０年和１９９２年的亲本和Ｆ１所结的种子的粒形、粒重、皮壳率、蛋白质％等性状进行遗传分析。结果表明：与Ｓ－０９６杂交的组合粒重最高，与甘木二条的杂交组合皮壳率低，与黔浙１号的杂交组合粒重较高、粒形较短圆。遗传方差分量的分析结果表明，粒形、粒重和皮壳率性状主要受基因主效应控制，基因×环境互作效应较弱。蛋白质含量主要受种子直接显性效应和母体显性效应控制，直接加性效应、母体显性效应与环境的互作也较强。控制种子粒长的遗传效应主要是母体加性、显性效应以及种子直接加性效应。粒宽、粒厚、粒重和皮壳率则主要受种子基因的直接显性效应控制，其次是种子直接加性效应。

Half-diallel crosses with seven parents of two-rowed barley (Hordeum distichum L.) were conducted in 1990 and 1992 for analyzing seed kernel shape, grain weight, husk% and protein% by a genetic model based on generation means of endosperm quantitative characters for parents and their F2 seeds. Grain weight of crosses from S-096 was the highest, and husk% of crosses from Gan-mu-er-tiao was the lowest. Crosses of Qian-zhe No. 1 had higher grain weight and better kernel shape than others. According to the results of genetic variance components kernel shape, grain weight and husk% were predominantly controlled by genetic effects with weak genotype by environment interaction. Affected strongly by direct additive effects and interaction between maternal dominance effects and environment effects, protein% were mainly controlled by direct dominance and maternal dominance effect. Maternal additive and dominance effect and direct additive effect were the major parts of genetic effects for kernel length. Kernel width, thickness, grain weight and husk% were controlled mainly by direct additive effects, then by direct dominance effects. The general direct heritabilities and the maternal heritabilities as well as the genetic correlation for quality characters were analyzed too.