摘要
Owing to the cultural, philosophical and religious differences, Chinese memorial poetry and western elegy show different attitudes towards death and have different ways to express it. Therefore, they have different aesthetic preference to death. This paper focuses on the basic characteristics of Chinese memorial poetry and western elegy. It analyzes the causes of these differences from the aspect of the content and style, ways of expression and cultural psychology.
由于文化、哲学、宗教、信仰等方面的差异,中西悼亡诗和西方挽歌诗封死亡的态度和表现方式不尽相同,具有不同的审美取向。本文考察了中国悼亡诗和西方挽歌诗各自不同的基本特徵及其产生的社会历史文化背景。从内容风格上看,中国悼亡诗多描写真实的亡妻感受,着力描绘亡人生前的情景与场景,抒发封于生死离别的伤感,忠实地传达出哀悼之情,格调大多悲戚。西方挽歌诗多回忆往日的欢爱,或歌颂伴随死神时坦然超脱的人生态度;从表现形式上看,中国悼亡诗多以记梦的形式描写作者与亡妻梦中相会的情景,借以表达对亡妻的悼伤与思念。西方挽歌诗也有描写梦中的欢乐与爱恋,但西方人相信亡人会在天堂永生,往日的快乐也就可以凭借相通的心灵得以延续。因此,西方挽歌诗多沉浸在一种恬静超凡的宗教氛围之中;从文化心理的角度看,中国诗人通过表现内心思想与客观世界的剧烈冲突来宣泄难以压抑的悲伤情绪,而西方诗人则充分发挥自己的宗教观和自然观,在诗歌中表达一种积极的人生态度。