316例早产儿听力筛查及相关因素分析

Analysis of the hearing screening results and related factors of 316 premature infants

目的探讨内耳发育与耳声发射的关系、分析影响早产儿听力筛查通过率的有关因素。方法采用三阶段筛查法、即出生后用耳声发射进行初筛,生后42天结合听性脑干反应测听(auditory brainstem response,ABR)复筛,3个月进入第一次诊断程序,仪器使用美国GSI70畸变产物耳声发射仪和美国智听SMART-SCREENER5.6USBEZ诱发电位。结果本组筛查总通过率为76.58%,低体重儿<1500g组通过率明显低于1501g以上组,低胎龄组通过率明显低于大胎龄组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论早产儿听力筛查的通过率与胚胎发育的胎龄有关,二者呈正相关关系,同时也与窒息、黄疸等新生儿疾病相关。

Objective To explore the relationship between the development of the inner ear and distortion product otoacoustic emissions （DPOAE）,and to assess the factors influencing passing rate of hearing screening. Melthods The experiments were designed in three stages： initial screening with DPOAE upon the birth of infants; follow-up screening with auditory brainstem response（ABR） in 42 days, and the diagnosis with GSI 70 DPOAE and Smart-ABR Screener 5.6 USBEZ 3 months after birth. Results The total passing rate was 76.5%. The passing rate for the infants weighing under 1500g was significantly lower than those with the normal weight, and for the premature infants with small gestational age was significantly lower than those with large gestational age. The differences were statistically significant （P〈0.05）. Conclusion There is a positive relationship between the passing rate of hearing screening and the gestational age. The passing rate is also associated with neonatal diseases, such as jaundice and asphyxia.