论公序良俗原则对遗嘱自由的限制

Law Study on Limitation of Freedom of Testament

遗嘱是自然人生前对自己的财产进行处分并于死后发生法律效力的单方民事行为。世界各国继承法都毫无例外地承认公民享有遗嘱自由权,从而遗嘱自由成为了各国继承法的一项重要原则。然而,任何自由都是相对的、有限制的,遗嘱自由作为继承法确立的一项原则和制度,也不是绝对的。本文从"泸州遗赠案"引发的争议入手,分析出学术界之所以对这一案件存在如此大的分歧,就在于我国继承立法缺乏对公序良俗原则的明确性规定。通过比较各国立法例中公序良俗原则对遗嘱自由的限制和我国立法中的公序良俗原则,提出我国应当确立公序良俗原则对遗嘱自由限制的立法建议。

Testament is a unilateral civil act of the disposal of his or her own property by a natural person before his or her death, which will be legally effective after his or her death. The inheritance law in every country unexceptionally admits that the citizen enjoys the freedom of testament, so the freedom of testament is an important principle in the inheritance law of every country. However, there is no freedom that is not relative or limited. The freedom of testament is not an exception. The great disputes aroused by Luzhou Devise Case in the academia lies in the fact that there is no clear stipulation on the principle of customs in the current inheritance law in China. By comparing limitation of the freedom of testament by the principle of customs in the legislation examples of different countries and the principle of customs in the legislation process in China, some legislative suggestion is put forward on establishing limitation of the freedom of testament by the principle of customs in China.