职务犯罪原因论及其启示

On the Causes of Job-related Crimes and Its Revelation

关于职务犯罪原因,国外思想家提出了权力作恶与分权制衡学说、自由主义理论、寻租理论、性恶论等不同主张,而国内学者却提出了经济根源说、体制根源说、思想根源说等不同观点。通过比较可以发现,西方学者有关职务犯罪预防理论在深刻性上是值得我们借鉴的,而我国学者在论述这一理论时的系统性更加突出。因此,如果将两者的长处加以吸收也许可以探寻出一条有效预防职务犯罪的道路。其实,职务犯罪行为的发生,既有行为人个人方面的原因,也有社会制度和体制方面的原因。要预防职务犯罪,除了加强公务员思想道德教育,使其不想犯罪外,更重要的是加强公共政策研究和制度建设,转变政府职能,合理规制政府行为,以减少公务员心理失衡的诱惑源和可能犯罪的机会,使其不能和不敢犯罪。

On the causes of job-related crimes, foreign scholars has put forward the doctrines of the evils of power and separation of powers, the theory of liberalism, the theory of rent-seeking, and the theory of original evil of human nature, etc. , while domestic scholars have proposed the causes of economy, institution, and thought. This comparative study reveals that the theories on the prevention of job-related crimes brought forward by western scholars possess profundity which is worthy of emulation, yet the systematism of Chinese scholars＇ theories is distinct. Therefore, combining the advantages of these theories might be helpful to explore an effective way to prevent job-related crimes. Actually, both personal and social factors may cause job-related crime. To deter the criminals, in addition to education, Chinese government should give prominence to the research on public policy and system construction, the transformation of government functions, and the prescription of government regulation.