宋明理学知行观探究

The Study on the Theory of Knowledge and Practice of Confucianist

对于知行关系,宋明理学家都突出知的主导地位,强调以知为先、以知为本。由于侧重知、行以及知行关系的道德内涵,理学家由知行讲到格物、致知,并在对知的侧重中将格物、致知都归于知。理学的知行观以“去人欲,存天理”为工夫,以超凡入圣为目标。这些迎合了宋明时期加强道德教化的需要,为宗法等级制度的上下、尊卑秩序进行辩护。理学家对知、行道德内涵的挖掘具有积极意义,提升了人的生存品位和精神追求;但在对知行伦理维度的凸显中忽视了知、行的其他维度,导致了对人的生理欲望和物质需要的漠视。

All Confucianists during the Song and Ming Dynasties stressed knowledge,and emphasized that knowledge was in an ad vantageous position,though their viewpoints were different at the surface. These viewpoints showed the same direction of values, and made the maral intension of knowledge and practice became visible. They studied gewu - zhizhi, and belonged both to the knowledge. In the Confucianism,the ways were qu-renyu and cun-tianli,the goal was to become a sage. These satified the moral enlighten by educ ation during the Song and Ming Dynasties, and tried to defend feudal social estate system.