肝移植术后胆道并发症的介入诊疗

Interventional management for biliary tract complications following liver transplantation

目的探讨介入手段在诊断和治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症的应用,分析移植术后T管留置的价值。方法回顾性分析55例肝移植术后胆道并发症患者的介入诊治资料,分析有无T管所需采取的介入治疗方式。结果保留T管的28例患者经造影证实胆道并发症存在后需进行介入治疗的17例,仅需通过原T管引流治疗的11例,而仅需进行球囊扩张后仍以T管引流的3例,需行经皮经肝胆道引流(PTBD)治疗(和辅以球囊扩张)的14例;无T管的27例患者全部进行经皮经肝胆管造影(PTC)诊断发现梗阻病变并予以介入治疗。共发现8例同时存在血管并发症并予以相应处理。所有患者在介入治疗后黄疸均明显消退,技术成功率100%,短期(1个月)缓解率100%。结论对于肝移植术后胆道并发症患者,介入治疗安全、可靠,可重复性好,具有不可替代的作用;术后留置T管可为部分患者提供针对胆道梗阻进行造影诊断与引流治疗的途径,但大部分患者仍需介入手段干预,才能达到满意的治疗效果。

Objective To investigate the role of interventional procedures in the management of biliary tract complications following liver transplantation, and so as the effect of t-tube indwelling. Methods A review was made of data collected from 55 patients in two groups designated according to t-tube indwelling （28）or not （27）. Data were retrospectively analyzed in terms of interventional procedures performed, and outcomes. Results A total of 55 liver transplantation patients survived more than 1 month after interventional treatment for biliary tract complications, including 11 only with a drainage T-tube, the other 44 （80.0%）with one or more interventional procedures such as PTBD, balloon dilation to cure obstructive jaundice. Additionally 8 cases undertook stenting for hepatic artery, hepatic vein or portal vein stenosis. Conclusions Interventional procedures are safe and effective for most patients with biliary tract complications following liver transplantation, with easy repetition in performance, including T-tube indwelling to provide a route for further diagnosis and treatment. Yet it is necessary to have other various interventional managements for the whole intact satisfaction of patients.