英语短语动词的认知语义研究——以get off为例

A Cognitive Semantic Research on English Phrasal Verbs——On the Study of get off

短语动词由动词加上一个或两个小品词而构成。从传统的观点看,不能从动词的表面知道其意义,但事实上并非如此。本文从认知的视角,运用概念合成理论、认知隐喻和转喻理论对短语动词get off的认知语义进行分析研究,研究发现:(1)短语动词get off的语义是由动词和小品词的意义通过概念合成得出来的;(2)短语动词getoff的语义扩展是通过隐喻、转喻或二者交叉实现的;(3)get off的概念意义可概括为:离开就是出去;离开就是逃脱;离开就是停止;离开就是反对。(4)在短语动词get off的意义中,动词get反映的是动作本身,而小品词off则蕴含了动作的方向和路径。

A phrasal verb is composed of a verb and one or two particles. Traditionally, we cannot get the meanings of phrasal verbs literally. This article is about the research on phrasal verbs with the Conceptual Blending Theory, Cognitive Metaphor and Meton- ymy Theory from the cognitive perspective. The findings are as follows ： （ 1 ） the semantic formation of the phrasal verb get off is realized through the conceptual blending of the verb and particle; （2） the semantic extensions of get off is realized through metaphor, or metonymy or both; （3） the conceptual meanings of get offcan be concluded as： LEAVING IS OUT; LEAVING IS ESCAPING; LEAV- ING IS STOPPING; LEAVING IS DISAPPROVING. ; （4） in the phrasal verb get off, the verb get reflects manner of motion, whereas the particle off contains path or direction of motion.