“家”与“伪家”:《大师与玛格丽特》中两种对立的精神世界

"Home" and "False Home" in Master and Margaret: Two Opposite Spiritual Worlds

本文秉承俄罗斯著名的文艺符号学家洛特曼的结构诗学的分析路径,从"家"与"伪家"的对立描写入手,揭示了俄罗斯作家布尔加科夫《大师与玛格丽特》的思想内涵。文章具体分析了该小说中的艺术空间如公共住宅、别墅与宫殿、地下室、永久的栖居等特征,阐释了家与伪家的对立形象,从而揭示了布尔加科夫对家这一概念的独特认识。在作者看来,家与伪家不仅折射出现实生活中存在的不和谐现象,而且反映出是人们自己亲手毁掉了他们起初创造的远离邪恶的和谐的家园。但布尔加科夫始终坚信,失去的家园终究能够回归。

This paper attempts to reveal the connotation of Master and Margaret through the analysis of the descriptions of “home” and “false home” in this work, from the perspective of structur- al poetics proposed by the famous Russian scholar Lotman who specializes in literary semiotics. The paper analyzes the literary space in the novel such as apartments, villas, palaces, basements and permanent habitat; discusses the opposite images of “home” and “false home” and reveals Boulgakov＇ s sharp insight into the concept of “home”. From the point of view of the present author, “home” and “false home” not only reflect the inharmonious phenomena existing in reality, but also suggest that it is human beings who have destroyed their original harmonious home free from evils. Boulgakov firmly believes that man can regain his lost home.