烟草花药培养中活性炭的作用机理及替代配方研究

Studies on the action mechanism and replacement formulation of active carbon in anther culture of tobacco

根据多年烟草花药培养中使用活性炭的实验结果,论证了活性炭在烟草花药培养中有提高出苗率和增加畸形苗等两个方面的作用;探讨了活性炭在烟草花药培养中提高出苗率主要是其杂质中的Zn、Fe等增加了培养基中微量元素的比例,使培养基的微量元素与大量元素趋于平衡,促进胚状体的形成和发育;活性炭加入培养基致使畸形苗增多,是因为活性炭减弱培养基表面的光照,花粉小植株生长过程中光照不足所致的作用机理。据此通过调整培养基配方中微量元素种类及用量,筛选出了烟草花药培养出苗率在55%以上、畸形苗率不超过10%改良配方。

Two functions of active carbon which can enhance the emergent seedling rate and increase abnormal seedling in anther culture has been proved in this paper based on the expermental results of active carbon used in the anther culture of tobacco; the cause why the emergent seedling rate can be increased in the anther culture of tobacco is that the trace element proportion of the culture medium is raised, the balance trend between the trace element and the massive element is caused, the formation and the growth of the embryoid is improved by the capacity of Zn and Fe in active carbon ; the cause that the abnormal seedling can be increased added active carbon into the culture medium is that the culture medium surface illumination is weakened, the illumination insufficient in the growth process of the small pollen plant is caused by the active carbon, these mechanisms above have been investigated. According to the results above, through adjusting the trace ele- ment type and amount in the culture medium formulation, the improved formulation,whlch can keep more than SS % the emergent seedling rate and less than 10 % abnormal seedling,was selected.