沈阳某冶炼厂废弃厂区的人类健康风险评价

Human health risk assessment of an abandoned metal smelter site in Shenyang,China

以沈阳某冶炼厂废弃厂区重金属污染监测为依据,采用美国环保局最新的人类健康风险评价标准方法对沈阳某冶炼厂废弃地块污染土壤进行了评价,并且假设未来该土地利用类型为工业用地(Ⅰ)或休闲用地(Ⅱ).评价结果显示:工业用地(Ⅰ)和休闲用地(Ⅱ)的累积非致癌风险指数分别为2.65×10-2和3.67×10-2;工业用地(Ⅰ)和休闲用地(Ⅱ)由呼吸摄入Cd造成的潜在致癌风险指数分别为4.48×10-9和7.30×10-10,不会对在该地区工作和休闲的人们造成身体健康上的伤害;无论是工业用地假设还是休闲用地假设,由无机铜造成的人类健康风险在整个风险中所占的比例最大;由美国环保局的人类健康风险评价方法反推得出的冶炼厂地块未来为工业用地的土壤修复目标值均小于我国工业企业土壤环境质量风险评价基准值.

Based on the investigation of heavy metal pollutions on an abandoned metal smelter site in Shenyang, and by using the United States Environmental Protection Agency methodologies for human health risk assessment, the human health risk of the polluted soil on the study site was assessed. For the defined future land use patterns, the industrial （ Ⅰ ） and recreational （ Ⅱ ） exposure scenarios were assumed and evaluated. The combined hazard index for all the contaminants of potential concern was 2.65 ×10^-2 for Scenario Ⅰ and 3.67 ×10^-2 for Scenario Ⅱ. Regarding the potential carcinogenic risk associated with inhalation route, only cadmium was a contributor, with the risk of 4. 48 ×10^-9 and 7. 30 ×10^-10 for Scenario Ⅰ and Scenario Ⅱ , respectively. The hazard indices were less than a unit, and the carcinogenic health risk was negligible. The potential health risks of the study site （for both industrial and recreational scenarios） were mainly associated with the exposure to copper. The risk-based remedial goals calculated for the industrial scenario were lower than the environment quality risk assessment criteria for soil at the manufacturing facilities of China.