大型露天煤矿区土地扰动的时空变化

Spatiotemporal variation of land disturbance on large opencast coal mine area

选择平朔矿区安太堡露天煤矿为研究区域,采用主成分分析方法对1990年和2005年两期Landsat-TM遥感影像进行分析,探讨了研究区15年间的土地利用变化.结果表明:由于露天矿区土地扰动下土地类型、面积分布及其景观格局的不同,其遥感影像的光谱空间特征也不相同,但前2个主成分构成的空间特征结构十分明显,第1主成分主要表示采煤运煤区、边坡区以及剥离堆垫区的特征信息,第2主成分主要表示植被高覆盖区及植被低覆盖区的特征信息.将研究区的土地利用类型按照剥离区、采挖区、复垦区和原地貌四大类型进行分类,15年间,采挖区基本保持原有面积;原地貌面积减少了15.263km2;复垦区面积增加了8.513km2;剥离区面积不断扩大,从1990年的5.522km2增加到2005年的11.889km2.

Based on the Landsat-TM images in 1990 and 2005, and with principal component analysis, this paper studied the land use change on the Antaibu opencast coal mine of Pingshuo mine area in Shanxi Province in 1990-2005. The results showed that the spatial characteristic of spectra on the opencast coal mine varied with land type, area distribution, and landscape pattern. The first and second principal components of the TM images had obvious spatial characteristic, i. e. , the first principal component highlighted the characters of excavation and transportation area, slope area, and cumuli and stripping area, while the second principal component highlighted the information of higher and lower vegetation-cover area. According to the land use type, the study area was classified into stripping area, excavated area, land reclamation area, and original landform area. In 1990 -2005, the excavated area had a little change, original landform area reduced by 15.263 km^2, reclamation area increased by 8.513 km^2, and stripping area increased constantly from 5. 522 km^2 in 1990 to 11. 889 km^2 in 2005.