龙脑烯腈和龙脑烯酸酯类香料的新合成方法

A Novel Strategy for Synthesizing Campholenonitrile and Campholenate Perfumes

以合成樟脑为原料，先与盐酸羟氨反应制得樟脑肟，产率81％，肟在25％硫酸中回流而发生贝克曼裂解，以82％的产率得到香料龙脑烯腈，然后以龙脑烯腈为中间体，在HCl催化下进行醇解，得到5种龙脑烯酸酯类香料，产率82％～91％。所得化合物均经^1H NMR、IR和元素分析确证，其中龙脑烯腈、龙脑烯酸乙酯分别具有浓郁的木香味和果香味，具有很好的应用前景。新合成工艺原料价廉易得，实验条件温和，操作简单，总产率高。

Synthetic camphor was reacted with hydroxylamine to give camphor oxime （81% yield）. The resulted oxime was refluxed in 25 % sulfuric acid to undergo Beckmann fragmentation to form campholenonitrile in 82 % yield. Alcoholysis of campholenonitrile in different alcohols catalyzed by dry hydrogen chloride resulted in five campholenate perfumes of excellent yields （82 % -91% ）. All target compounds were characterized by means of ^1H NMR, IR and elemental analysis. Among these compounds campholenonitrile possessed strong woody and ethyl campholenate fruity smell, which has promised application prospects. The novel synthetic process has the significant advantages of cheap and commonly available raw materials, mild reaction condition, simple operation and high yield.