银杏种质资源分类研究综述

Classification on germplasm resources of Ginkgo biloba L.

银杏为单科属种,雌雄异株,长期系统发育和个体发育的演变使其产生了较多的分化,形成了丰富的种质资源。银杏种质资源通过植物学、果树学及同工酶标记等方法已得到初步分类并命名。该文在进行银杏种质资源的分类及其DNA分子标记研究的基础上,收集国内外有关文献,主要介绍了目前银杏种质资源的特点、DNA分子标记技术在银杏种质资源分类中的应用及银杏分子基因组研究中常用的RAPD,SSR,ISSR,AFLP等4种分子标记方法,并阐述了分子标记在银杏种质鉴别、遗传图谱构建以及新品种培育等方面的应用前景。

Ginkgo biloba L. , a dioecious tree, is a unique species within Genus Ginkgo, Ginkgoaceae. It has formed rich germplasm resources because of its variability and differentiation in historical development and ontogeny for a long time. The Ginkgo＇s germlasm resources have been preliminarily classified and named with the methods of such as botany, pomology and isoenzyme markers etc. In this paper, the specialty of germplasm resources of Ginkgo, and the application of DNA molecular markers in classification of germplasm resources of Ginkgo are introduced, as well as four molecular markers such as RAPD, SSR, ISSR and AFLP used in study of Ginkgo＇s genome. In addition, the prospects of application of molecular markers in the germplasm identification, genetic map construction and new cuhivar breeding of Ginkgo are also described.