不同强度耐力训练对新兵自主神经调节功能的影响

EFFECT OF ENDURANCE TRAINING WITH DIFFERENT INTENSITIES ON THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM OF RECRUITS

目的评价不同强度的耐力训练对新兵自主神经功能的影响,为优化军事训练提供科学的依据。方法72名健康男性新兵,随机分为现行军体训练组、有氧耐力组、无氧耐力组,进行连续8周训练。分别于训练前、训练末进行5 min心率变异性(HRV)分析、冷加压试验(CPT)及血浆去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(EPI)、肾素活性(RA)及神经肽Y(NPY)检测。结果训练前各指标组间差异无显著性。训练8周末,现行训练组HFn(52±11)较训练前(59±12)显著降低(P<0.05),但LFn(43±12)、LF/HF(0.87±0.35)均较训练前(36±11)、(0.67±0.32)〕有显著增加(P<0.05);有氧耐力组HFn(62±11)均较训练前(53±14)显著增加(P<0.05),但LFn(36±8)、LF/HF(0.64±0.28)与训练前(39±12)、(0.77±0.33)相比呈下降趋势;无氧耐力组HRV无显著变化。训练8周末与静态时比较,无氧耐力组CPT中HR增加值〔(6.46±6.79)b.min-1〕显著低于现行训练组〔(24.00±22.64)b.min-1〕和有氧耐力组〔(17.11±15.22)b.min-1〕的增加值(P<0.05)。现行训练组的NE〔(152.17±31.51)pg.mL-1)〕显著高于有氧耐力组〔(109.31±18.77)pg.mL-1〕和无氧耐力组〔(104.92±19.36)pg.mL-1)〕(P<0.01)。现行训练组RA〔(4.33±2.08)pg.mL-1)〕显著高于有氧耐力组〔(1.97±1.79)pg.mL-1)〕和无氧耐力组〔(2.74±1.06)pg.mL-1)〕(P<0.01)。结论耐力训练对自主神经调节能力的影响主要取决于负荷强度,现行军体训练接近极限强度,其对机体有潜在危害,故应进行规范的有氧、无氧耐力训练。

Objective To evaluate the effect of different intensity of endurance training （ET） on the autonomic nervous function of recruits, to provide scientific bais for optimizing the project of army＇ s physical fitness training. Methods Seventy-two healthy male recruits were randomly divided into current military drill （CMD） group, aerobic and anaerobic endurance training groups. The training period was 8 week. The 5 - min heart rate variability （HRV）, cold pressor test （CPT） and plasma nor - epinephrine （NE）, epinephrine （EPI）, rennin activity （RA） and neumpeptide Y （NPY） were measured. Results There were no significamt differences among three groups before training. After 8 week training, HFn in CMD group was decreased [（52± 11） vs （59 ± 12）, P 〈0.05 ],while LFn and LF- HF were increased [ （43 ± 12） vs （36 ± 11 ）, （0.87 ± 0.35） vs （0.67 ± 0.32） respctively, P 〈 0.05 ] ; HFn in aerobic ET group was increased [ （62 ± 11 ） vs （53 ± 14） P 〈 0.05, ], while LFn and LF/HF tended to decrease [ （36 ± 8） vs （39 ± 12）, （0.64 ±0.28） vs （0.77 ±0.33） respectively]. No obvious change of HRV was found in anaerobic ET group. The increment of HR in CPT versus resting in anaerobic ET group [ （6.46 ± 6.79） b· min^-1 ] was lower than that in CMD group and aerobic ET group [ （24.00 ± 22.64）, （ 17.11 ± 15.22） b· min^-1 respectively, P 〈 0.05 ]. NE in CMD group [（152.17 ±31.51） pg·mL^-1] was higher than in aembie ET group [（109.31 ± 18.77） pg·mL^-1, P 〈0.05] and anaerobic ET group [ （ 104.92 ± 19.36） pg· mL^-1 P 〈 0.01 ]. RA in CMD group [ （4.33 ± 2.08） pg· mL^-1 ] was higher than in aerobic and anaerobic ET group[（1.97 ± 1.79）, （2.74 ± 1.06） pg·mL^-1 respectively, （P 〈 0.01）]. Conclusion The effect of endurance training on the autonomic nervous system is mainly determined by training intensity. Current military drill approximately reaches the limit load and has potential hazards to the body, thus normalized aerobic and anaerobic endurance training should be applied to the military drill.