高产玉米杂交种产量构成因素和穗部性状研究

Study on the Yield Component Factors and Ear Characters of High-yield Maize Hybrid

为玉米的高产栽培和育种提供依据。在同样的施肥和管理条件下,研究产量不同的16个玉米杂交种产量构成三要素和穗部性状与产量的关系,总结出高产玉米杂交种应具有的穗部特征。在产量达到高产要求的5个玉米杂交种中,4个产量较高杂交种的穗粒数都在500粒/穗左右,属中大穗型玉米杂交种,只有豫玉22为大穗型杂交种(穗粒数为580粒/穗),而穗粒数在450粒/穗以下的中小穗型杂交种没有一个产量超过11 250 kg/hm2。高产玉米杂交种具有单位面积粒数和千粒重均高的双重优势;在穗部性状中,穗行数对产量的影响较大,相对于大穗型品种,中大穗玉米杂交种更易获得高产,而小穗型品种则难以获得较高的产量。

To provide basis for high-yield cultivation and breeding of maize, under conditions of the same fertilization and management, the relationship be-tween faetors of yield component factors and ear characters in 16 maize hybrids were studied and the ear characters for high yield maize hybrid were sum-marized.Among 5 maize hybrids whose yield reached the need of high yield,4 maize hybrids with higher yield had the grains per ear about 500 grains/ear, belonging to the middle-big type hybrids and only Yuyu 22 was big type hybrid,with the grains per ear of about 580 grains/ear. In the middle-small type hybrids with the grains per ear below 450 gralns/ear, there was no any hybrid that had yield beyond 11 250 kg/hm^2 .The high-yield maize hybrid had dou-ble deminanee in grains per unit area and 1000-grain weight. In the ear characters,ears per row had greater effect on the yield. As for big type variety, the middle-big type hybrids were easier to obtain high yield and the small type hybrids were difficult to obtain high yield.