免疫佐剂研究进展

Progress in Adjuvants

佐剂的主要作用是提高抗原(免疫原)的免疫原性和免疫反应的可持续性,它能引导机体的免疫系统对抗原产生体液免疫或细胞免疫反应。对佐剂的选择取决于免疫的目的,从用途上分,佐剂可分为试验用佐剂和疫苗用佐剂。前者主要用于特异性抗体的制备,而后者则作为疫苗的必要成分。文章主要介绍目前常用的几种佐剂包括铝盐佐剂、弗氏佐剂、免疫刺激复合物(ISCOM)、脂质体和CpG及其在科研和疫苗中的应用。

Adjuvants are substances that can tmprove the immunogenecity of antigens （immnogens）after immunization. By using certain adjuvants,the immune responses can be oriented to either humeral or cellu- lar direction for establishing protective immunity. The selection of an adjuvant mainly depends on the pur- pose of the immunization. Some adjuvants can only be used for laboratory purposes such as generation of antibodies. Certain adjuvants can be used for either preclinical research or vaccine development. In this review,the application and development and future perspectives of adjuvants such as Freund adjuvants,alum salts,ISCOM,liposome and virosome particles were discussed.