壳聚糖的生化特性及其在蔬菜生产上的应用

The Biochemistry of Chitosan and its Application in Vegetable Culture

壳聚糖是一种天然多糖,由甲壳素脱去N-乙酰基而成。壳聚糖为白色无定形、半透明、略有珍珠光泽的固体,具有很好的吸附性、成膜性、通透性、吸湿性和保湿性。壳聚糖理化性质特殊和具有生物活性,其研究及开发已涉及到食品、环保、医药、日用化工和农业等多个领域。在蔬菜生产上,壳聚糖可用作土壤改良剂、种苗处理剂、抗菌杀虫剂、果蔬保鲜剂以及叶面肥等,具有促进土壤微生物活动、促进种苗生长发育、抑菌杀虫、防腐保鲜、改善产品品质和提高作物产量等功能。鉴于其全天然、无毒副作用、简便高效等特点,壳聚糖在蔬菜生产上将具有广阔的应用前景。

Chitosan is one of natural polysaccharose which is produced from chitin by deacetylation. Chitosan is a white, amorphous, translucent solid with good adsorbability, membrane-forming, membrane permeability and hygroscopicity. Based on its physical and chemical characters, chitosan has been widely studied and developed in many area such as food industry, environment protection, medicine industry, chemical industry and agriculture. In vegetable culture, chitosan has been widely used as soil conditioners, seed and seedling agents, bactericides, fungicides, insecticides, preserving agents, and foliar fertilizers. In view of its special functions, such as soil microorganism promotion, bacteria and fungi inhibition, insect disinfection, anticorrosion, freshness preservation, crop quality and output improvement, chitosan will have wide application prospect in vegetable cultures.