土壤重金属含量的微波法与电热板消解法测定的应用比较

Comparison of Microwave Digestion and Electric Heating Board Digestion in Determining Heavy Metals Content in Soils

电热板消解作为常规环境样品(如土壤、废水、固体废物等)预处理方法,存在着耗时、耗材且操作复杂等缺点.本文就微波和电热板两种消解方式在测定土壤重金属中的应用进行了科学分析.研究结果表明,采用两种消解方式测得的Ni、Cu和Cd结果均在标准值的范围之内,Cr和Pb的结果均低于最低值,Zn用微波消解测得的值也在允许值范围内.微波消解的结果总体上比较接近标准值.在回收率和精密度基本一致的情况下,微波消解以具有速度快、试剂用量少、样品不易被玷污、节约能源等突出优点,使其更具广泛的应用潜力.

Traditional methods of the pretreatment of environmental samples（such as soil, sewerage and solid waste）are expensive, time-consuming and complex to manipulate. In this paper, the total heavy metals in soils have been determined by both electric heating board digestion and microwave digestion. The result shows that the concentrations of Ni, Cu and Cd measured by these two ways are within the standard scale, while the concentrations of Cr and Ph measured are lower than standard values. The concentrations of Zn tested by microwave digestion method are equal to the standard value. Generally,with the comparable recovery rate and measuring precision, microwave digestion is much more reagent-saving, sample-protecting and convenient to operate compared with the electric heating board digestion. Microwave digestion mothod is demonstrated a high potential to be used widely.