对西方主流宏观经济学均衡假定的反思——从凯恩斯主义的投资恒等于储蓄说起

Reflection on the equilibrium hypothesis of western mainstream economics——on Keynesian viewpoint that investment always equals to savings

自从凯恩斯的《通论》出版以来,宏观经济学就逐渐成为一个比较系统而相对独立的学科,后人将凯恩斯的短期经济增长模型进一步长期化为外生和内生经济增长理论。纵观主流宏观经济学的理论构建,几乎都有一个共同的假设:市场能够自动实现均衡,但是,正是这个假设将西方主流宏观经济学引入了歧途。对于原凯恩斯主义、新古典综合派、新凯恩斯主义、哈罗德-多马的古典经济增长理论和索洛的新古典增长理论、新古典宏观经济学派而言,它都是一个难以回避的硬伤。

Since the publication of Keynes＇s The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, macroeconomics gradually becomes a relatively systematic and independent discipline. His followers further evolve his short - term economic growth model into exogenous and endogenous economic growth theories in the long run. Viewing the theoretical construction of mainstream macroeconomics, we find a common hypothesis： the market can realize equilibrium automatically. However, it is this hypothesis that leads western mainstream macroeconomics astray. It is an inevitable hard problem for the old Keynesianism, neoclassical synthesis, new Keynesianism, Harrod- Domar classical economic growth theory, Solow＇s neoclassical growth theory and neoclassical macroeconomics.