甘草自然分布区热能特征及其适宜性分析

Study on heat energy character in distributing regions and adaptability of Glycyrrhiza uralensis

目的分析甘草自然分布区的热能特征,为建设甘草种植基地提供科学依据。方法利用81个气象台站近30年的观测资料,采用统计学方法,对甘草自然分布区的光辐射、日照时数、温度等热能参数进行分析,并以温暖指数及寒冷指数为指标分析甘草对温度的适应性。结果甘草分布区内年辐射总量平均为1357606Cal/(cm2.a),光辐射、日照时数和日照百分率均较同纬度的其他地区高出30%左右;甘草分布区年平均温度6.5℃,1月和7月平均温度分别为-12℃和22℃,甘草可适应冬季低温、夏季高温和日较差及年较差均较高的温度条件,在温暖指数31.66～119.46的范围内均可生长,冬季能够适应-40℃以下的极端低温。结论甘草属于既耐高温,又能适应低温,对太阳辐射量和日照时数要求均较高的温带植物;最适于在年辐射总量为1.3×106～1.4×106Cal/(cm2.a)、平均气温6～10℃地区生长。

Objective To analyze the character of heat energy in distributing regions and adaptability of Glycyrrhiza uralensis in order to provide scientific evidence for building bases of growing Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Method According to about 30 years of data given by 81 observatories, statistic method was used to analyze some parameters such as ray radiation,hour number of sunshine , temperature etc. The adaptability of Glycyrrhiza uralensis over temperature was analyzed in terms of warmth index and coldness index. Results The radiant average quantity is 1 357 606 Cal/（ cm^2 ·a） in the distributing regions of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. The radiant quantity, hour number and percentage of sunshine was about 30% higher than the other areas located at the same latitude. The average temperature per year was 6.5℃, - 12℃ in January and 22℃ in July respectively. Glycyrrhiza uralensis was adapted to growing in both low temperature in winter and high temperature in summer , and It can develop well in the warmth and coldness index from 31.66 to 119.46, even in the extreme low temperature of -40 ℃. Conclusion Glycyrrhiza uralensis belongs to a sort of temperate zone plant which grows well in not only high temperature but also low temperature. It has a high demand of ray radiation and hour number of sunshine. It fits the environment in which average radiant quantity per year is from 1.3 × 10^6 to 1.4 × 10^6 Cal/（cm^2 ·a）and average temperature is from 6℃ to 10 ℃.